ISSN 1008-2204
CN 11-3979/C

临近空间管辖争议问题研究

Study on Jurisdictional Disputes over Near Space

  • 摘要: 空天划界的模糊性导致了“临近空间”概念的产生。国际社会就临近空间的管辖问题产生了诸多争议。管辖区域争议集中在纵横两个维度上,是管辖纷争的基础问题。“临空国”、临空飞行器“国籍国”与国际组织对临近空间活动都享有一定的管辖权利,各主体的管辖权属易产生纠纷。管辖事项争议则聚焦在飞行活动、资源开发与利用和普遍管辖事项等领域,每个领域应当适用不同类型的制度规范。在人类命运共同体的视角下,需要重点考虑和平利用、主权利益、安全保障和国际合作等四项原则,将其作为解决管辖争议、构建相关机制乃至建设临近空间法治体系的基本依据。

     

    Abstract: Ambiguity of space delimitation leads to the concept of near space. Numerous controversies have arisen in the international community over the issue of jurisdiction in near space. Jurisdictional area disputes, as a foundational issue for other jurisdictional disputes, are centered on vertical and horizontal dimensions. Underlying sates, country of nationality and international organizations all have certain jurisdictional rights over near space activities. It is also prone to disputes over the rights of the various subjects of jurisdiction. Disputes over jurisdictional matters focused on the areas of flight activities, resource exploitation and use, and matters of universal jurisdiction. Different rule should apply in each area. Under the perspective of a community with a shared future for mankind, we need to take priority consideration over the four principles of peaceful use, sovereignty interests, security guarantees and international cooperation. These four principles should serve as the basic guidelines for settling jurisdictional disputes, constructing relevant mechanisms and even a system of rule of law in near space.

     

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